Omphalitis in Chicks (Mushy Chick Disease)

What Is Omphalitis?

Omphalitis is an infection of the unhealed navel in newly hatched chicks. It occurs when bacteria enter through the umbilicus after hatch. The yolk sac may not be fully absorbed, leaving an opening for infection. This condition is most often seen within the first week of life.

Causes

• Incomplete yolk sac absorption at hatch
• Unsanitary incubation or brooder conditions
• High humidity or poor ventilation during incubation
• Exposure to bacteria such as E. coli, Staphylococcus, or Pseudomonas

Symptoms

• Swollen, reddened, or moist navel area
• Foul odor from the abdomen
• Lethargy, lack of appetite, or failure to thrive
• Abdominal distention
• Death in severe cases, often within days

Treatment and Management

• Prevention is key: Omphalitis is not easily treated once infection sets in.
• Keep brooders, bedding, and equipment clean and dry.
• Apply a poultry-safe antiseptic (such as iodine or Vetericyn) to any unhealed navels.
• Isolate affected chicks to prevent pecking and reduce stress.
• Provide supportive care (warmth, clean water, electrolytes), but be aware that survival rates are low once infection is advanced.

Prevention

• Incubate under clean, well-ventilated conditions with proper humidity and temperature.
• Disinfect incubators and hatchers between uses.
• Use clean bedding in brooders and change it frequently.
• Handle chicks gently to avoid rupturing healing navels.

Outlook

• Many affected chicks do not survive, but mild cases may recover if the navel closes and the yolk sac is absorbed.
• Good incubation hygiene and brooder management greatly reduce the risk.